I completely lifted this from Wikipedia, the lazy person's source for research:
Midlife crisis is a term coined in 1965 by
Elliott Jaques and used in
Western societies to describe a period of dramatic self-doubt that is felt by some individuals in the "middle years" or
middle age of life, as a result of sensing the passing of their own youth and the imminence of their old age. Sometimes, a crisis can be triggered by transitions experienced in these years, such as
extramarital affairs,
andropause or
menopause, the death of parents or other causes of
grief, unemployment or underemployment, realizing that a job or career is hated but not knowing how else to earn an equivalent living, or
children leaving home. The result may be a desire to make significant changes in core aspects of day-to-day life or situation, such as in career,
work-life balance, marriage, romantic relationships, big-ticket expenditures, or physical appearance.
Academic research since the 1980s rejects the notion of midlife crisis as a phase that most adults go through. In one study, fewer than 10% of people in the United States had psychological crises due to their age or
aging.
[1] Personality type and a history of psychological crisis are believed to predispose some people to this "traditional" midlife crisis.
[2] People going through this suffer a variety of symptoms and exhibit a disparate range of behaviors.
Many middle aged adults experience major life events that can cause a period of psychological stress or depression, such as the death of a loved one, or a career setback. However, those events could have happened earlier or later in life, making them a "crisis," but not necessarily a midlife one. In the same study, 15% of middle-aged adults experienced this type of midlife turmoil.
Some studies indicate that some cultures may be more sensitive to this phenomenon than others, one study found that there is little evidence that people undergo midlife crises in
Japanese and
Indian cultures, raising the question of whether a midlife crises is mainly a cultural construct. The authors hypothesized that the "culture of youth" in Western societies accounts for the popularity of the midlife crisis concept there.
[3]
Researchers have found that midlife is often a time for reflection and reassessment, but this is not always accompanied by the psychological upheaval popularly associated with "midlife crisis."
[4]
For the approximately 10% of middle aged adults who go through an age-related midlife crisis, the condition is most common ranging from the ages of 40-60 (a large study in the 1990s
[5] found that the average age at onset of a self-described midlife crisis was 46). Midlife crises last about 3–10 years in men and 2–5 years in women.
A midlife crisis could be caused by aging itself, or aging in combination with changes, problems, or regrets over:
- work or career
- spousal relationships
- maturation of children
- aging or death of parents
- physical changes associated with aging
Midlife crises seem to affect men and women differently. Researchers
[6] have proposed that the triggers for midlife crisis differ between men and women, with male midlife crisis more likely to be caused by work issues.
Some have hypothesized that another cause of the male midlife crisis is the imminent
menopause of the female partner and end of her reproductive career.
[7]
Characteristics
Individuals experiencing a midlife crisis have some of these feelings:
- search of an undefined dream or goal
- a deep sense of remorse for goals not accomplished
- desire to achieve a feeling of youthfulness
- need to spend more time alone or with certain peers
They exhibit some of these behaviors:
- abuse of alcohol
- acquisition of unusual or expensive items such as motorbikes, boats, clothing, sports cars, jewelry, gadgets, tattoos, piercings, etc.
- depression
- blaming themselves for their failures
- paying special attention to physical appearance such as covering baldness, wearing "younger" designer clothes etc.
- entering relationships with younger people (either/or sexual, professional, parental, etc.)
- placing overimportance (and possibly a psychologically damaging amount) on their children to excel in areas such as sports, arts or academics
Theoretical basis
"The notion of the midlife crisis began with followers of
Sigmund Freud, who thought that during middle age everyone’s thoughts were driven by the fear of impending death".
[8] Although midlife crisis has lately received more attention in
popular culture than serious research, there are some theoretical constructs supporting the notion. Jungian theory holds that midlife is key to
individuation, a process of
self-actualization and
self-awareness that contains many potential paradoxes.
[9] Although
Carl Jung did not describe midlife crisis per se, the midlife integration of thinking, sensation, feeling, and intuition that he describes could, it seems, lead to confusion about one's life to date and one's goals.
Erik Erikson held
[10] that in life's seventh stage, middle adulthood, people struggle to find new meaning and purpose to their lives; their questioning, he believed, could lead to what we now call a midlife crisis.
Some psychologists believe men's midlife crisis is a psychological reaction to the imminent menopause and end of reproductive career of their spouses. Their genes may be influencing men to be more attracted to reproductive women, and less attached to their non-reproductive spouses.
That's a good beginning.